uppercase Systemd at sentence beginning
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[id='understanding-systemd']
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[id='understanding-systemd']
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= Understanding systemd
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= Understanding systemd
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_systemd_ is a system and service manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. _systemd_ provides:
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_Systemd_ is a system and service manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LSB init scripts. _Systemd_ provides:
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* Aggressive parallelization capabilities
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* Aggressive parallelization capabilities
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* Uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting services
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* Uses socket and D-Bus activation for starting services
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ _systemd_ is a system and service manager for Linux, compatible with SysV and LS
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The `systemctl` command is the primary tool to manage _systemd_. It combines the functionality of SysVinit's `service` and `chkconfig` commands into a single tool you can use to enable and disable services permanently or only for the current session.
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The `systemctl` command is the primary tool to manage _systemd_. It combines the functionality of SysVinit's `service` and `chkconfig` commands into a single tool you can use to enable and disable services permanently or only for the current session.
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_systemd_ manages so-called *_units_*, which are representations of system resources and services. This following list shows the unit types that _systemd_ can manage:
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_Systemd_ manages so-called *_units_*, which are representations of system resources and services. This following list shows the unit types that _systemd_ can manage:
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service::
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service::
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A service on the system, including instructions for starting, restarting, and stopping the service.
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A service on the system, including instructions for starting, restarting, and stopping the service.
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.. The `[Unit]` section provides basic information about the service. The `foo` service uses the following parameters:
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.. The `[Unit]` section provides basic information about the service. The `foo` service uses the following parameters:
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`Description`::
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`Description`::
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A string describing the unit. _systemd_ displays this description next to the unit name in the user interface.
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A string describing the unit. _Systemd_ displays this description next to the unit name in the user interface.
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`Requires`::
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`Requires`::
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Defines unit to use as a dependency for the service. If you activate the unit, _systemd_ activates the units listed in `Requires` as well. For example, the `foo` service might require network connectivity, which means the `foo` services requires `network.target` as a dependency.
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Defines unit to use as a dependency for the service. If you activate the unit, _systemd_ activates the units listed in `Requires` as well. For example, the `foo` service might require network connectivity, which means the `foo` services requires `network.target` as a dependency.
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A boolean value that specifies whether _systemd_ should guess the main PID of a service if it cannot be determined reliably. This option is ignored unless `Type=forking` is set and `PIDFile` is not set. Defaults to yes.
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A boolean value that specifies whether _systemd_ should guess the main PID of a service if it cannot be determined reliably. This option is ignored unless `Type=forking` is set and `PIDFile` is not set. Defaults to yes.
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PIDFile::
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PIDFile::
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An absolute filename pointing to the PID file of this daemon. Use of this option is recommended for services where `Type=forking`. _systemd_ reads the PID of the main process of the daemon after start-up of the service. _systemd_ does not write to the file configured here, although it removes the file after the service has shut down.
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An absolute filename pointing to the PID file of this daemon. Use of this option is recommended for services where `Type=forking`. _Systemd_ reads the PID of the main process of the daemon after start-up of the service. _Systemd_ does not write to the file configured here, although it removes the file after the service has shut down.
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BusName::
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BusName::
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A D-Bus bus name to reach this service. This option is mandatory for services where `Type=dbus`.
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A D-Bus bus name to reach this service. This option is mandatory for services where `Type=dbus`.
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[#mapping-runlevels-to-targets]
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[#mapping-runlevels-to-targets]
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= Mapping runlevels to targets
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= Mapping runlevels to targets
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_systemd_ targets serve a similar purpose to SysVinit runlevels but act a little differently. Each target has a name instead of a number and each serves a specific purpose. _systemd_ implements some targets by inheriting all of the services of another target and adding additional services to it. Some _systemd_ targets mimic the common sysvinit runlevels, which means you can switch targets with the familiar `telinit RUNLEVEL` command. The runlevels assigned a specific purpose on vanilla Fedora installs (0, 1, 3, 5, and 6) have a 1:1 mapping with a specific _systemd_ target.
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_Systemd_ targets serve a similar purpose to SysVinit runlevels but act a little differently. Each target has a name instead of a number and each serves a specific purpose. _Systemd_ implements some targets by inheriting all of the services of another target and adding additional services to it. Some _systemd_ targets mimic the common sysvinit runlevels, which means you can switch targets with the familiar `telinit RUNLEVEL` command. The runlevels assigned a specific purpose on vanilla Fedora installs (0, 1, 3, 5, and 6) have a 1:1 mapping with a specific _systemd_ target.
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However, this is not the case for user-defined runlevels 2 and 4. To make use of those runlevels, create a new named _systemd_ target such as `/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET` that takes one of the existing runlevels as a base, make a directory `/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET.wants`, and then symlink the additional services to enable into that directory.
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However, this is not the case for user-defined runlevels 2 and 4. To make use of those runlevels, create a new named _systemd_ target such as `/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET` that takes one of the existing runlevels as a base, make a directory `/etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET.wants`, and then symlink the additional services to enable into that directory.
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