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= NVIDIA Optimus Bumblebee

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[[description]]
== Description

NVIDIA Optimus is an optimization technology created by NVIDIA which, depending on the resource load generated by client software applications, will transparently and seamlessly switch between two graphics adapters within a computer system in order to provide either maximum performance or minimum power draw from the system's graphics rendering hardware.
From https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/FAQ[Bumblebee's FAQ]: Bumblebee is a effort to make NVIDIA Optimus enabled laptops work in GNU/Linux systems.
Such feature involves two graphics cards with two different power consumption profiles plugged in a layered way sharing a single framebuffer.

The discrete GPU (NVIDIA) is turned off when not in use and activated and turned on though ACPI calls when demanding OpenGL applications require the extra power the discrete GPU can give.

Demanding OpenGL applications might include such things as 3D games or 3D rendering software but would not include such things as a web browser or a video playback program like mplayer or VLC.

[[determine-wether-your-computer-supports-optimus]]
== Determine whether your computer supports Optimus

If you have a laptop with an NVIDIA graphics card (usually you can tell by looking for an NVIDIA logo sticker on it), then it _might_ support the Optimus technology.
If you don't have an optimus technology computer nothing in this documentation is relevant to your PC.
(Optimus was slated at one point to go in desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept…)

* To tell, after you have installed the OS, open a terminal window and type:
+
----
$ lspci -vnn | grep '\''[030[02]\]'
----

* If you see two video cards in the output like:
+
----
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 520 [8086:1916] (rev 07) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
01:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 930M] [10de:1346] (rev ff) (prog-if ff)
----

And one is a Intel Integrated Graphics Controller and the other is a NVIDIA Corporation chip, then you probably have an optimus notebook.

To further verify, if you have the two VGA devices with one as Intel Integrated and other as NVIDIA, as *root* look for the `/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch` file.
If it exists, then you have an optimus PC.
If its missing, then you might not.
(It might be that you have a card that nouveau can’t use yet because it is too new…)

[[before-you-get-started]]
== Preparing your system

Most users will want to turn off Secure boot in the BIOS or UEFI screen when you need nvidia drivers or bbswitch-dkms.
If you want to make your own public / private keys for kernel module signing you can look https://docs.fedoraproject.org/f{MAJOROSVER}/system-administrators-guide/kernel-module-driver-configuration/Working_with_Kernel_Modules.html#sect-signing-kernel-module-with-the-private-key[here] or https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/System_Administrators_Guide/sect-signing-kernel-modules-for-secure-boot.html[here] for more information on the subject.
If you end up doing that and use the closed source NVIDIA driver, you will need to edit the `/etc/bumblebee/bumblebee-nvidia-sign.conf` file.

Next, run `dnf update` before you begin.
And just to be safe, reboot your PC so that you are booted into the newest kernel.
The reason for this is that you want the kernel-devel package to match the kernel you are running under.
If you don't reboot after a `dnf update` these versions may differ which will cause compiling problems.

[[installation]]
== Types of Drivers

[[nouveau]]
=== Free and Open Source Driver (Nouveau)

NOTE: As of May 20th, 2016 you can no longer use Bumblebee with the open source Nouveau drivers.
If you wish to learn more about this, see https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/773[issue 773].
Users are requested to use *Prime* instead of Bumblebee.
Since the nouveau driver already handles power saving now, using bumblebee would simply be superfluous.

Some users http://www.kroah.com/log/linux/stable_api_nonsense.html[feel strongly] that they should not use closed source kernel modules.
This is understandable.
In all cases, http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/Optimus/[PRIME] will work better then using Bumblebee.

In fact, you can no longer use the Bumblebee software with nouveau any longer even if you want to.
See https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/773[issue 773] for further information about this subject.
You *MUST USE PRIME*.
The nouveau driver already handles power saving nowadays so Bumblebee would just be superfluous…

[[proprietary-driver]]
=== Proprietary Closed Source Driver (NVIDIA)

Some users may prefer to use the closed-source proprietary drivers as they offer better performance than the open source ones.
In that case, Fedora-compatible driver packages can be obtained from this source: http://rpmfusion.org[RPM Fusion].


== Installation (NVIDIA Proprietary Driver)

. To install the NVIDIA drivers, first add the RPM Fusion repository:
+
----
# sudo dnf install fedora-workstation-repositories
# sudo dnf config-manager rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver --set-enabled

----

. Then, install the necessary packages:
+
----
# sudo dnf install akmod-nvidia acpi
----

. To get Bumblebee, we first need to enable the https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/chenxiaolong/bumblebee/ chenxiaolong/bumblebee[Copr repository]:
+
----
# dnf copr enable chenxiaolong/bumblebee
----

. Next, install the bbswitch driver, and the `bumblebee` and `primus` packages.
+
----
# dnf install akmod-bbswitch bumblebee primus
----

. For the `optirun` and `primusrun` commands to work, the current user must be added to the `bumblebee` group.
+
----
# gpasswd -a $USER bumblebee
----

. Enable the `bumblebeed` service and disable the `nvidia-fallback` service. This service comes from the packaged drivers and will attempt to load `nouveau` if `nvidia` fails to load. However, when using Bumblebee, neither one should load at boot.
+
----
# systemctl enable bumblebeed
# systemctl mask nvidia-fallback
----

Finally, reboot and bumblebee should be ready to go.

[[usage]]
== Usage

* General usage syntax:
+
----
$ optirun [options] application [application-parameters]
----

* To start a Windows applications with optimus named application.exe:
+
----
$ optirun wine application.exe
----

* For another example, open NVidia settings panel with optimus:
+
----
$ optirun -b none nvidia-settings -c :8
----

* For another example, open the java based Minecraft with primus bridge:
+
----
$ optirun -b primus java -jar /PATH/TO/Minecraft.jar
----

* For a list of the options for optirun, view its manual page:
+
----
$ man optirun
----

In general, using the Primus bridge gives better performance then using the default VirtualGL bridge.
In Bumblebee 4.0 (coming soon) Primus will become the default bridge and VirtuaGL will need to be called explicitly if you still want it.
Also beginning with bumblebee 4.0 (coming soon) the VirtuaGL dependency will be replaced with a Primus dependency instead.
So you might not even have VirtuaGL installed by default in the future.

For Primus, there is a separate shell script you can use to invoke it called `primusrun`.

* For a list of the options for primusrun, view its manual page:
+
----
$ man primusrun
----

* These are functionally equivalent commands:
+
----
$ primusrun java -jar /PATH/TO/Minecraft.jar
----

* and
+
----
$ optirun -b primus java -jar /PATH/TO/Minecraft.jar
----

It may become tedious to always use the optirun program in a terminal to launch 3D games or other 3D opengl applications.
You may wish to create desktop launchers which use the `optirun` or `primusrun` commands in order to streamline this process.

For example, in the MATE desktop environment, when you right click on an empty space in the desktop a popup menu is displayed.
One option on this menu is btn:[Create launcher…] which allows you to create a graphical launcher icon for your apps which can be left on the desktop or moved into some folder.
Other desktop environments also offer this functionality though the methods differ from desktop to desktop.

[[uninstallation]]
== Uninstallation

* To uninstall Bumblebee:
+
----
# dnf remove akmod-bbswitch bumblebee primus
# systemctl preset nvidia-fallback
----

* To remove the `bumblebee` repository:
+
----
# dnf copr remove chenxiaolong/bumblebee
----

* To uninstall the NVIDIA drivers:
+
----
# dnf remove akmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia\*
----

* To remove the nvidia-driver repository:
+
----
# sudo dnf config-manager rpmfusion-nonfree-nvidia-driver --set-disabled

----

Reboot.

[[multi-monitor-setup-with-proprietary-driver]]
== Multi monitor setup with proprietary driver

Optimus laptops have two graphics cards: an integrated Intel and a discrete NVIDIA one.
If the port (DisplayPort / HDMI / VGA) is wired to the Intel chip, you do not need to do anything special to get external monitors to work.

When the external port is wired into the NVIDIA card, you cannot currently expand the screen over monitors without extra effort.
Read on if you fall into this category…

. Install the `intel-gpu-tools` package.
+
----
# dnf install intel-gpu-tools
----

. Start the `intel-virtual-output` daemon by running the
`intel-virtual-output` command with no additional command line options.
+
----
$ intel-virtual-output
----

This daemon will automatically detect attached displays in the background.
It will then perform all the trickery of virtualizing and cloning so that the newly attached screen can be used via conventional screen management methods, such as cloning/extending with xrandr.

For example, if your laptop's display is called eDP1, and your using a external adapter called HDMI1, and you want the display to be 1920×1080 resolution, you could run the following commands:

. To have your HDMI screen to the right of your desktop, run:
+
----
$ xrandr –output eDP1 –mode 1920×1080 –output HDMI1 –mode 1920×1080 –right-of eDP1
----

. To clone your desktop, run:
+
----
$ xrandr –output eDP1 –mode 1920×1080 –output HDMI1 –mode 1920×1080 –same-as eDP1
----

There are many different possibilities. Type `xrandr` with no arguments to see what displays you have attached.
See https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Multi-monitor-setup[this web page] for further information on this subject.
Read the manual page for xrandr for even more information on the possibilities this command provides.

If `intel-virtual-output` works ok running by hand you could add it to your startup automatically if you desire.
One way would be to create a `/etc/rc.d/rc.local` script and add it into there.
Another way might be to create a systemd unit file as `Type=oneshot`.
A third way might be to run it at login using whatever mechanism your desktop environment supports for doing such things.

For example, in the MATE desktop environment, there is a `mate-session-properties` program (System -> Preferences -> Personal -> Startup Applications) that you can run programs from when you login.
Most desktop environments offer similar functionality though the methods differ from desktop to desktop.

[[troubleshooting]]
== Troubleshooting
[[error-could-not-open-display]]
=== [VGL] ERROR: Could not open display :8

There is a known problem with some wine applications that fork and kill the parent process without keeping track of it (for example the free to play online game "Runes of Magic")

This is a known problem with VirtualGL. As of Bumblebee 3.1, so long as you have it installed, you can use Primus as your render bridge:

----
$ optirun -b primus wine windows program.exe
----

[[error-cannot-access-secondary-gpu]]
=== [ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU: No devices detected

In some instances, running `optirun` will return:

----
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) No devices detected.
[ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
----

In this case, you will need to move the file `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` to somewhere else, restart the bumblebeed daemon and it should work.
If you do need to change some features for the Intel module, a workaround is to merge `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf` to `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`.

It might be also necessary to comment the driver line in `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf`.

You might also need to define the NVIDIA card somewhere (e.g. `file /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia`), using the correct `BusID` according to `lspci` output:

----
Section "Device"
    Identifier "nvidiagpu1"
    Driver "nvidia"
    BusID "PCI:0:1:0"
EndSection
----

Note that the format of `lspci` output is in hexadecimal format, while in xorg it is in decimal.
So if the output of `lspci` is, for example, `0a:00.0` the `BusID` should be `PCI:10:0:0`.

[[nvidia-failed-to-assign-any-connected-display]]
=== NVIDIA(0): Failed to assign any connected display devices to X screen 0

If the console output is:

----
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: [XORG] (EE) NVIDIA(0): Failed to assign any connected display devices to X screen 0
[ERROR]Aborting because fallback start is disabled.
----

Change this line in `/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia`:

----
Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"
----

to:

----
Option "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT"
----

[[could-not-load-gpu-driver]]
=== Could not load GPU driver

If the console output is:

----
[ERROR]Cannot access secondary GPU - error: Could not load GPU driver
----

And if you try to load the `nvidia` kernel module you get:

----
modprobe nvidia
modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'nvidia': Exec format error
----

This could be because the nvidia driver is out of sync with the Linux kernel, for example if you installed the latest nvidia driver and haven't updated the kernel in a while.
A full system update might resolve the issue.


[[failed-to-set-drm-interface-version]]
=== /dev/dri/card0: failed to set DRM interface version 1.4: Permission denied

This could be worked around by appending following lines in `/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia`:

----
Section "Screen"
    Identifier "Default Screen"
    Device "DiscreteNvidia"
EndSection
----

[[error-ld.so-object-libdlfaker.so-from-ld-preload]]
=== ERROR: ld.so: object 'libdlfaker.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored

You're probably trying to start a 32-bit application with Bumblebee on a 64-bit system.
Please install the 32-bit versions of the packages mentioned above.

If the problem persists, please try using the primus bridge that was mentioned above.

[[fatal-io-error-11]]
=== Fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server

Change `KeepUnusedXServer` in `/etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf` from `false` to `true`.
Your program forks into background and bumblebee doesn't know anything about it.

[[video-tearing]]
=== Video Tearing

Video tearing is a somewhat common problem on Bumblebee.
To fix it, you need to enable vsync.
It should be enabled by default on the Intel card, but verify that from Xorg logs.
To check whether or not it is enabled for NVIDIA, make sure `nvidia-settings` is installed and run:

----
# optirun -b none nvidia-settings -c :8
----

`X Server XVideo Settings -> Sync to VBlank` and `OpenGL Settings -> Sync to VBlank` should both be enabled.

[[bumblebee-cannot-connect-to-socket]]
=== Bumblebee cannot connect to socket

If the console output is:

----
[ 1648.179533] [ERROR]You've no permission to communicate with the Bumblebee daemon. Try adding yourself to the 'bumblebee' group
[ 1648.179628] [ERROR]Could not connect to bumblebee daemon - is it running?
----

Verify whether or not you are in the `bumblebee` group:

----
# groups | grep bumblebee
----

Another reason for this error could be that you haven't actually turned on both gpus in your bios, and as a result, the Bumblebee daemon is in fact not running.
Check the bios settings carefully and be sure intel graphics (integrated graphics - may be abbreviated in bios as something like igfx) has been enabled or set to auto, and that it's the primary gpu.
Your display should be connected to the onboard integrated graphics, not the discrete graphics card.

If you mistakenly had the display connected to the discrete graphics card and intel graphics was disabled, you probably installed Bumblebee after first trying to run Nvidia alone.
In this case, be sure to remove the `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` or `.../20-nvidia...` configuration files. If Xorg is instructed to use NVIDIA in a conf file, X will fail.

[[prismusrun-mouse-delay-disable-vsync]]
=== Primusrun mouse delay/disable VSYNC

For `primusrun`, VSYNC is enabled by default and as a result, it could make mouse input delay lag or even slightly decrease performance.
Test `primusrun` without VSYNC:

----
$ vblank_mode=0 primusrun glxgears
----

If you are satisfied with the above setting, create an alias (e.g. `alias primusrun="vblank_mode=0 primusrun"`).

[[primus-issues-under-compositing]]
=== Primus issues under compositing window managers

Since compositing hurts performance, invoking `primus` when a compositing WM is active is https://github.com/amonakov/primus#issues-under-compositing-wms[not recommended].
If you need to use `primus` with compositing and see flickering or bad performance, synchronizing primus’ display thread with the application’s rendering thread may help:

----
$ PRIMUS_SYNC=1 primusrun ...
----

WARNING: optirun crashes after you boot into Troubleshooting -> Start Fedora Live in basic graphics mode” and do an install that way.

If you did an install under Troubleshooting -> Start Fedora Live in basic graphics mode, then Bumblebee will not work.
You can tell by examining the `/var/log/Xorg.8.log` log file and looking for Kernel command line: and seeing nomodeset on that line.
When you use Start Fedora Live in basic graphics mode it adds nomodeset to your kernel command line which will cause your machine to use the VESA driver and make Bumblebee not work.
(It will just crash when you try) To fix that, edit `/etc/default/grub` and on the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX= line, remove the word nomodeset and then save the file, next, either run:

----
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
----

on a BIOS based notebook or

----
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg
----

on a UEFI based notebook.
Then reboot.
After that bumblebee/optirun/primusrun should start working.

[[american-megatrend-bios-compatibility]]
== American Megatrend BIOS compatibility

Some recent laptop models featuring AMI bioses have some compatibility issues with bbswitch and Optimus, making them unable to load into graphics mode and crashing every time it is attempted, as discussed in further details https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/764#issuecomment-234494238in[this post] on the Bumblebee's GitHub project page.

If you are trying to use Linux on a recent Optimus laptop and it crashes every time you try to enter a graphics environment, please try adding the following parameters to your boot loader (Fedora users usually have GRUB installed):

----
acpi_osi=! acpi_osi='Windows 2009'
----

This seems to work on most laptop models facing this issue, but bear in mind that this workaround has not been tested in every laptop model ever made – so your mileage may vary.
If the problems persist, you could try updating your BIOS or look for more info in the Bumblebee documentation and their community.

[[broken-power-management-with-kernel-4.8]]
== Broken power management with kernel 4.8

If you have a newer laptop (BIOS date 2015 or newer), then Linux 4.8 might break bbswitch since bbswitch does not support the newer, recommended power management method. As a result, the dGPU may fail to power on, fail to power off or worse.
See https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/bbswitch/issues/140[Issue 140] for further information about this problem.
As a workaround, add `pcie_port_pm=off` to your kernel parameters.

Alternatively, if you are only interested in power saving (and perhaps use of external monitors), remove Bumblebee / bbswitch and rely on nouveau runtime power-management (which supports the new method).

[[mesa-13.0.3-6-and-libglvnd-issues]]
== mesa-13.0.3-6 and libglvnd issues

On Fedora 25 and 26 a new library called libglvnd was added which initially caused some issues.

primus-1.1.03282015-4 and newera, bumblebee-3.2.1-13 and newer, and (managed version) bumblebee-nvidia-375.26-2 and newer, and (un-managed version) bumblebee-nvidia-3.0-2 and newer will work with the newer mesa and new libglvnd library.

When you first upgrade to mesa-13.0.3-6 or newer bumblebee-nvidia doesn't know that it needs to rebuild the shim.
So you can force that by running the command:

----
bumblebee-nvidia --force
----

via `su` as root or via `sudo`. And the primus bridge should work after that.

You can track this issue upstream https://github.com/amonakov/primus/issues/193[here].

[[additional-resources]]
== Additional resources

* http://bumblebee-project.org/[Bumblebee project homepage]
* https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki[Bumblebee official wiki]
* https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/bbswitch[The bbswitch kernel module's website]
* https://github.com/amonakov/primus[The primus library's website]
* https://copr.fedorainfracloud.org/coprs/chenxiaolong/bumblebee/[Bumblebee Copr respository]
* https://www.linux.ncsu.edu/bumblebee/[Bumblebee guide for RHEL and CentOS]
* http://www.thelinuxrain.com/articles/the-state-of-nvidia-optimus-on-linux[The
State of NVIDIA Optimus on Linux]

See a typo, something missing or out of date, or anything else which can be improved? Edit this document at https://pagure.io/fedora-docs/quick-docs[quick-docs's git repository].
