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<h2>The Python Programming Language</h2>
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</div>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>Python provides memory safety by default, so low-level security
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vulnerabilities are rare and typically needs fixing the Python
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interpreter or standard library itself.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>Other sections with Python-specific advice include:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><a href="#chap-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Temporary_Files">[chap-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Temporary_Files]</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="#sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Processes-Creation">[sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Processes-Creation]</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="#chap-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Serialization">[chap-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Serialization]</a>, in
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particular <a href="#sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Serialization-Library">[sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Serialization-Library]</a></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><a href="#sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Cryptography-Randomness">[sect-Defensive_Coding-Tasks-Cryptography-Randomness]</a></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1">
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<h2 id="dangerous-standard-library-features"><a class="anchor" href="#dangerous-standard-library-features"></a>Dangerous Standard Library Features</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>Some areas of the standard library, notably the
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<code>ctypes</code> module, do not provide memory safety
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guarantees comparable to the rest of Python. If such
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functionality is used, the advice in <a href="#sect-Defensive_Coding-C-Language">[sect-Defensive_Coding-C-Language]</a> should be followed.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1">
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<h2 id="run-time-compilation-and-code-generation"><a class="anchor" href="#run-time-compilation-and-code-generation"></a>Run-time Compilation and Code Generation</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>The following Python functions and statements related to code
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execution should be avoided:</p>
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</div>
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<div class="ulist">
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p><code>compile</code></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>eval</code></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>exec</code></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>execfile</code></p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>If you need to parse integers or floating point values, use the
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<code>int</code> and <code>float</code>
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functions instead of <code>eval</code>. Sandboxing
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untrusted Python code does not work reliably.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="sect1">
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<h2 id="sandboxing"><a class="anchor" href="#sandboxing"></a>Sandboxing</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="paragraph">
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<p>The <code>rexec</code> Python module cannot safely sandbox
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untrusted code and should not be used. The standard CPython
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implementation is not suitable for sandboxing.</p>
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